A urinary tract infection (UTI) occurs when bacteria infect the urinary system, which includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The majority of UTIs are caused by bacteria commonly found in the bowel. Each year, UTIs lead to over 8.1 million doctor visits and result in significant healthcare costs.
What are the Symptoms?
Urinary tract infections can sometimes present with a fever. However, 30%-40% of older adults may not exhibit a fever, making it challenging to identify a UTI in this age group. Common symptoms may include:
- Painful urination
- Increased urge to urinate
- Discomfort in the lower abdomen
- Urine that appears milky, cloudy, or red/pink
- Sudden confusion that is unusual for the individual
- Grimacing or facial expressions of pain while urinating
Who is at Risk?
Seniors
While anyone can develop a UTI, certain factors like age, incontinence, and specific medical conditions can heighten the risk. Seniors are particularly susceptible due to age-related changes that affect bladder elasticity and kidney function.
People with Incontinence
As incontinence becomes more prevalent, the risk of developing a UTI also increases. This is largely due to the relationship between incontinence and urinary retention. The body typically prevents urinary tract infections by emptying the bladder, which flushes out bacteria. However, urinary retention—where small amounts of urine remain in the bladder after urination—can result from:
- Urethral obstruction
- Nerve issues
- Medications
- Weakened bladder muscles
Incontinence often indicates a higher chance of urinary retention, thereby increasing the risk of UTIs.
People With Other Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, and cancer, can also elevate the risk for UTIs.
Prevention & Care
Taking steps to minimize the risk of UTIs is essential. Consider the following recommendations:
- Drink sufficient fluids (aim for 6-8 eight-ounce glasses daily).
- Limit intake of bladder irritants like alcohol, caffeine, spicy foods, and citrus fruits.
- Choose breathable and non-restrictive undergarments; tight-fitting clothing can trap moisture and facilitate bacterial growth near the urethra.
- For those with incontinence, promptly change absorbent products after they become soiled. Urine can harm the skin and contribute to bacterial accumulation around the urethra, with bowel bacteria being a primary source of UTIs.
- After an incontinence episode, use the toilet to ensure the bladder is fully emptied since residual urine can foster bacterial growth.
- Implement a toileting schedule that includes restroom visits every four hours, aiming to reduce incontinence episodes.
- Practice careful cleaning after each incontinence episode or bathroom visit by wiping from front to back with warm water or hypoallergenic, unscented wipes.
- Wash hands before and after every episode of incontinence or restroom use.
This article is for educational purposes and should not substitute professional medical advice. If you have concerns about UTI symptoms in yourself or a loved one, please consult your healthcare provider.
